www.debian.org instead of 130.89.148.77 or 2001:648:2ffc:deb:216:61ff:fe2b:6138.
A (address record): IPv4 address. This is the most common form to point a domain to an IPv4 address.
CNAME (canonical name record): alias
MX (mail exchange): an email server. This information is used by other email servers to find where to send email addressed to a given address. Each MX record has a priority. The highest-priority server (with the lowest number) is tried first (see sidebar НАЗАД К ОСНОВАМ SMTP); other servers are contacted in order of decreasing priority if the first one does not reply.
PTR (pointer): mapping of an IP address to a name. Such a record is stored in a “reverse DNS” zone named after the IP address range. For example, 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa is the zone containing the reverse mapping for all addresses in the 192.168.1.0/24 range.
AAAA (IPv6 address record): IPv6 address.
NS (name server): maps a name to a name server. Each domain must have at least one NS record. These records point at a DNS server that can answer queries concerning this domain; they usually point at the primary and secondary servers for the domain. These records also allow DNS delegation; for instance, the falcot.com zone can include an NS record for internal.falcot.com, which means that the internal.falcot.com zone is handled by another server. Of course, this server must declare an internal.falcot.com zone.
bind, независимо от версии, имеют одинаковую структуру.
falcot.com, в которой располагается информация, касающаяся данного домена, и зону 168.192.in-addr.arpa для обратного преобразования IP адресов в адреса локальной сети (то есть сопоставления их).
Пример 10.12. Выдержка из /etc/bind/named.conf.local
zone "falcot.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.falcot.com";
allow-query { any; };
allow-transfer {
195.20.105.149/32 ; // ns0.xname.org
193.23.158.13/32 ; // ns1.xname.org
};
};
zone "internal.falcot.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.internal.falcot.com";
allow-query { 192.168.0.0/16; };
};
zone "168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.192.168";
allow-query { 192.168.0.0/16; };
};
Пример 10.13. Выдержка из /etc/bind/db.falcot.com
; falcot.com Zone
; admin.falcot.com. => zone contact: admin@falcot.com
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA falcot.com. admin.falcot.com. (
20040121 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
; The @ refers to the zone name ("falcot.com" here)
; or to $ORIGIN if that directive has been used
;
@ IN NS ns
@ IN NS ns0.xname.org.
internal IN NS 192.168.0.2
@ IN A 212.94.201.10
@ IN MX 5 mail
@ IN MX 10 mail2
ns IN A 212.94.201.10
mail IN A 212.94.201.10
mail2 IN A 212.94.201.11
www IN A 212.94.201.11
dns IN CNAME ns
Пример 10.14. Выдержка из /etc/bind/db.192.168
; Reverse zone for 192.168.0.0/16
; admin.falcot.com. => zone contact: admin@falcot.com
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA ns.internal.falcot.com. admin.falcot.com. (
20040121 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
IN NS ns.internal.falcot.com.
; 192.168.0.1 -> arrakis
1.0 IN PTR arrakis.internal.falcot.com.
; 192.168.0.2 -> neptune
2.0 IN PTR neptune.internal.falcot.com.
; 192.168.3.1 -> pau
1.3 IN PTR pau.internal.falcot.com.